What is car coolant
Car coolant is an essential fluid used to regulate the temperature of the engine and car components, while preventing damage and corrosion caused by overheating or freezing temperatures. It …
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What is wheel alignment
Wheel alignment refers to the angle and position of a vehicle’s wheels in relation to each other, and the process of aligning them by checking and adjusting the suspension. …
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TDCi: Ford diesel engines with Common Rail direct fuel injection system
TDCi are turbocharged diesel engines with the Common Rail fuel injection system, installed on Ford cars. They were introduced in 2000. Some of these engines are manufactured in-house by …
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Fuel Injectors: functions, problems and symptoms
You don’t have to be an expert on internal-combustion engines to understand the importance of supplying the right amount of fuel and air to the engine cylinders for combustion. …
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Camshaft engine: functions, problems, and inspection
The camshaft has been a key component of internal-combustion engines since the early 1900s, surviving and outliving many technological advancements in the automotive industry. It plays a critical role …
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RSC: definition, function, operating principle, and causes of failure
RSC (roll stability control) is a rollover mitigation system. It is installed on Ford, Land Rover, Lincoln, and Volvo cars, mostly on SUVs and crossovers. It first appeared in …
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What is ASC? Features and technical specifications
ASC (Automatic Stability Control) is a system which has been installed on Jaguar and BMW cars. It first appeared in 1997. It restricts the engine power output, thus helping …
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What is ESC? Description and operating principle
ESC stands for Electronic Stability Control. This system is installed on Hyundai, Chevrolet, Škoda, Kia, Lada, and other vehicles. It improves the car handling and helps to avoid accidents. …
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DTC: definition, features, and operating principle
DTC is a dynamic traction control function used on BMW cars and motorcycles. It is a part of the dynamic stability control system, DSC. The function allows for more …
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ASR: definition, function, operating principle, and causes of failure
ASR is an electrohydraulic active safety system that prevents wheel slippage. It is installed on Audi, Peugeot, Fiat, Renault, Seat, Volkswagen, and other cars. It improves road grip and …
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D3, D4, and D5 engines: what it stands for and its performance parameters
D3, D4, and D5 are turbocharged diesel power units with the Common Rail fuel injection system, installed in Volvo cars. They first appeared in 2001. Today these engines are …
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What is TRACS? Description and operating principle
TRACS is an anti-slip control system installed on all-wheel drive Volvo cars. It improves the vehicle’s traction on a slippery surface. The system ensures higher car stability when starting …
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CRDe, mEagle, m2DiCR, mFalcon, mHawk, and mPower: Mahindra diesel engines with Common Rail direct fuel injection system
CRDe, mEagle, m2DiCR, mFalcon, mHawk, and mPower are largely diesel turbocharged engines with the Common Rail fuel injection system. They are installed in various Mahindra models. Most of these …
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EBD: description, features, and operating principle
EBD stands for electronic brake force distribution. In terms of electronic control algorithms, it is an add-on to ABS. It works in tandem with other active safety systems, such …
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iTEQ (DDi iTEQ) engines: operating characteristics
iTEQ (DDi iTEQ) is a series of diesel engines produced by Isuzu Motors. The first engine in this range was introduced in 2004. They were installed on the D-Max …
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EBA, BA, and BAS: definition, features, and operating principle
EBA, BA, and BAS are all forms of emergency braking assist systems used in Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Volvo, Toyota, and some other cars. Such systems contribute to reducing the braking …
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CRD engines: what it stands for and its performance parameters
CRD engines are diesel turbocharged engines with a direct fuel injection system, installed on Chrysler, Dodge, and Jeep cars. They have been available since 2000. These power units are …
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What is VDIM? Description and operating principle
VDIM (Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management) is an integrated technology for controlling the vehicle’s dynamic parameters. It has been used on Toyota and Lexus cars. It first appeared in 2004 …
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DDiS engines: operating characteristics
DDiS are turbocharged diesel engines with the Common Rail direct fuel injection system, installed on Suzuki cars. They have been produced since 2003. These engines are known for their …
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What is CRS? Features and technical specifications
CRS is an abbreviation that stands for Common Rail direct fuel injection system and refers to the diesel engines themselves that are installed on cars and buses produced by …
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