Category: Glossary

XWD, Cross-Wheel Drive, or Haldex Generation 4 are names of the all-wheel-drive system which first appeared on the Saab Turbo X model in 2008. It was developed by the …

FWD is the general term for front-wheel drive. It was installed for the first time on the Alvis roadster in 1928. It became widely used in the 1960s and …

PCS (Precision Control System) is an electronic stability control system, which was installed on Oldsmobile cars. It was first used in 2000 on the Intrigue saloon. It improves the …

RWD is the general term used for rear-wheel drive systems on all makes of passenger and commercial vehicles. It means that the engine torque is transferred to the rear …

4Matic is an all-wheel drive system installed on Mercedes-Benz cars. It is a proprietary development of Daimler AG. It was created in collaboration with the Austrian company Magna Steyr …

4×4 is a general term for a four-wheel-drive system on vehicles with two axles.  It is used specifically to indicate four-wheel-drive versions of Jeep cars. It means that the …

All-Trac is a full-time AWD system that was installed on some Toyota cars between 1988 and 2000. It was developed by the Japanese car manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation in …

4WD is a term used by most car manufacturers to describe four-wheel-drive systems. The terms AWD and 4×4 are also used. In 4WD cars, the engine torque can be …

4Drive is a full-time four-wheel drive system developed for Seat cars. It prevents even minimal wheel slippage in difficult road conditions. The system increases the vehicle’s stability and ensures …

A-TRAC is an active traction control system that has been installed on some 4WD Toyota cars. It improves the traction of the vehicle when driving off-road and helps to …

S-AWC (Super All Wheel Control) is a proprietary vehicle dynamics control system that has been installed on Mitsubishi AWD cars. It has been used since 2007. The system controls …

MSP (Maserati Stability Program) is an electronic stability control system installed on Maserati cars. It stabilises the car body when manoeuvring and driving on slippery roads. How MSP works …

This month, the UK government introduced a cleaner blend of fuel known as E10 petrol as the new standard petrol with the aim of reducing the nation’s carbon dioxide …

SI-Drive is an intelligent engine and transmission control system that has been installed on Subaru cars. It allows the performance of important car units to be adapted to road …