Category: Glossary

4×4 is a general term for a four-wheel-drive system on vehicles with two axles.  It is used specifically to indicate four-wheel-drive versions of Jeep cars. It means that the …

xDrive is a proprietary all-wheel drive system which has been installed on BMW cars since 2003. For most models it is available as an option or as standard. It …

4WD is a term used by most car manufacturers to describe four-wheel-drive systems. The terms AWD and 4×4 are also used. In 4WD cars, the engine torque can be …

4×4 Allgrip is an intelligent four-wheel drive system equipped on Suzuki cars. It first appeared on the Vitara model in 1988. The system controls the engine, drivetrain, and ESP. …

A-TRAC is an active traction control system that has been installed on some 4WD Toyota cars. It improves the traction of the vehicle when driving off-road and helps to …

CST (traction and stability control) is a stability control system used on Ferrari cars. It optimises the operation of the anti-skid and traction control systems, ABS, and the brake …

MSP (Maserati Stability Program) is an electronic stability control system installed on Maserati cars. It stabilises the car body when manoeuvring and driving on slippery roads. How MSP works …

How much do you really know about the lights on your car? If you don’t know much, don’t panic! This guide is here to help. Car lights are not …

SI-Drive is an intelligent engine and transmission control system that has been installed on Subaru cars. It allows the performance of important car units to be adapted to road …

ALL4 is a full-time all-wheel drive system used in MINI cars. It improves traction, as well as the vehicle’s stability and handling in any weather and road conditions. How …

Symmetrical AWD or SAWD is an all-wheel-drive system in Subaru cars that has been used since 2003. It is installed on all models of the make, except BRZ and …

Q4 is an all-wheel drive system which has been installed on Alfa Romeo cars since 1994. It improves the vehicle’s dynamics and off-road capabilities. It also increases its stability …

PSM (Porsche Stability Management) is a stability control system which has been installed on Porsche cars since 1998. Initially, it was offered as an option. Since 2003 it has …

IWD (Individual-Wheel Drive) is an individual all-wheel-drive system installed on electric cars. In this system, each wheel is driven by its own electric motor. This technology improves the vehicle’s …