4motion is the patented name for all-wheel-drive systems featured on Volkswagen cars. It has been used since 1998. Before then, all-wheel-drive versions were referred to as “Syncro”. An increased …
PCS (Precision Control System) is an electronic stability control system, which was installed on Oldsmobile cars. It was first used in 2000 on the Intrigue saloon. It improves the …
RWD is the general term used for rear-wheel drive systems on all makes of passenger and commercial vehicles. It means that the engine torque is transferred to the rear …
DSA (Dynamic Stability Assistance) is a dynamic stability control system designed specially for compact Volvo models. It prevents the drive wheels from slipping and improves their grip on wet …
4Matic is an all-wheel drive system installed on Mercedes-Benz cars. It is a proprietary development of Daimler AG. It was created in collaboration with the Austrian company Magna Steyr …
4×4 is a general term for a four-wheel-drive system on vehicles with two axles. It is used specifically to indicate four-wheel-drive versions of Jeep cars. It means that the …
xDrive is a proprietary all-wheel drive system which has been installed on BMW cars since 2003. For most models it is available as an option or as standard. It …
All-Trac is a full-time AWD system that was installed on some Toyota cars between 1988 and 2000. It was developed by the Japanese car manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation in …
4WD is a term used by most car manufacturers to describe four-wheel-drive systems. The terms AWD and 4×4 are also used. In 4WD cars, the engine torque can be …
4×4 Allgrip is an intelligent four-wheel drive system equipped on Suzuki cars. It first appeared on the Vitara model in 1988. The system controls the engine, drivetrain, and ESP. …
4Drive is a full-time four-wheel drive system developed for Seat cars. It prevents even minimal wheel slippage in difficult road conditions. The system increases the vehicle’s stability and ensures …
CST (traction and stability control) is a stability control system used on Ferrari cars. It optimises the operation of the anti-skid and traction control systems, ABS, and the brake …
S-AWC (Super All Wheel Control) is a proprietary vehicle dynamics control system that has been installed on Mitsubishi AWD cars. It has been used since 2007. The system controls …
MSP (Maserati Stability Program) is an electronic stability control system installed on Maserati cars. It stabilises the car body when manoeuvring and driving on slippery roads. How MSP works …
This month, the UK government introduced a cleaner blend of fuel known as E10 petrol as the new standard petrol with the aim of reducing the nation’s carbon dioxide …
SI-Drive is an intelligent engine and transmission control system that has been installed on Subaru cars. It allows the performance of important car units to be adapted to road …
ALL4 is a full-time all-wheel drive system used in MINI cars. It improves traction, as well as the vehicle’s stability and handling in any weather and road conditions. How …
SH-AWD is an active all-wheel drive system that has been installed on Acura and Honda cars since 2004. It works together with traction control, stability control, and other systems. …
Symmetrical AWD or SAWD is an all-wheel-drive system in Subaru cars that has been used since 2003. It is installed on all models of the make, except BRZ and …
Q4 is an all-wheel drive system which has been installed on Alfa Romeo cars since 1994. It improves the vehicle’s dynamics and off-road capabilities. It also increases its stability …